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原文传递 Liquid Transportation Fuels from Coal and Biomass: Technological Status, Costs, and Environmental Impacts.

题名：	Liquid Transportation Fuels from Coal and Biomass: Technological Status, Costs, and Environmental Impacts.
关键词：	liquid fuels,coal,biomass,transportation sector/motor vehicles, energy consumption, petroleum, imports, ethanol, diesel fuels, energy supply, costs, greenhouse effect, emission, environmental impacts/motor vehicles, energy consumption, petroleum, imports, ethanol, diesel fuels, energy supply, costs, greenhouse effect, emission, environmental impacts
摘要：	The U.S. transportation sector consumes about 14 million barrels of oil per day, 9 million of which are used in light-duty vehicles. Total U.S. oil consumption is 21 million barrels per day, 12 million of which are imported. The nation can reduce its dependence on imported oil, increase its energy security, and potentially reduce greenhouse gas emissions by producing alternative liquid transportation fuels from domestically available resources to replace gasoline and diesel. Two abundant domestic resources with potential for producing liquid fuels are biomass and coal. Although abundant supplies of biomass and coal can be produced, each resource has its own set of limitations and challenges. Unlike liquid fuels from biomass, liquid fuels from coal cannot, even with the use of carbon capture and storage, offer any greenhouse gas benefit relative to gasoline. However, liquid fuels from coal are probably less expensive than those from biomass unless the costs of greenhouse gas emissions are included. A robust set of conversion technologies needs to be developed or demonstrated immediately and driven to commercial readiness to enable the use of the abundant biomass and coal in the development of suitable liquid transportation fuels. This report addresses technological readiness for producing liquid fuels from coal and biomass, their life-cycle costs, and their environmental impacts. / Availability Note: Order this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S. customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; and email at orders@ntis.gov. NTIS is located at 5301 Shawnee Road, Alexandria, VA, 22312, USA. / NTIS Prices: PC A18 / Corporate Author Code: 001482000 / Classifivation: Unclassified report
报告类型：	科技报告