摘要: |
As EPA develops programs to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and increase fuel economy of light-duty highway vehicles, there is a need to evaluate the costs of technologies necessary to bring about such improvements. Some potential technology paths that manufacturers might pursue to meet future standards may include hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and electric vehicles (EVs). The cost of batteries for these vehicles is a major component of their total incremental cost and is subject to some uncertainty, particularly with respect to future scales of production and demand. |