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Transportation Fuel Life Cycle Analysis: A Review of Indirect Land Use Change and Agricultural N(sub 2)O Emissions.
| 题名： | Transportation Fuel Life Cycle Analysis: A Review of Indirect Land Use Change and Agricultural N(sub 2)O Emissions. |
| 关键词： | agricultural；indirect；emission；review；analysis；transport；change；cycle；life；land |
| 摘要： | Established fuel LCA models such as GREET (Greenhouse Gas, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation) have long been used to estimate the well-to-wheels GHG emissions and energy use of transportation fuels. However, there are still many uncertainties associated with LCAs related to biofuels. For example, the contribution of N2O emissions from agricultural operations to the overall carbon intensity (CI) of a biofuel is significant given its high global warming potential (GWP). In addition, the effects of land use change (LUC) and how it is included and modeled in LCA has been the area of much debate. LUC is initiated as more crops such as corn and soy are required to meet the feedstock needs of a growing biofuel sector. The increased demand for crops ultimately results in conversion of new lands for agriculture. Traditional LCA models do not typically have the capability to model the global supply and demand changes that result, requiring inputs from additional models to determine how much land is necessary, which type of land is converted and how much GHG emissions result from the conversion. LUC emissions and agricultural emissions contribute substantially to the overall CI of a fuel. However, both are primary areas of uncertainty for the determination of the GHG benefits of alternative fuels with respect to conventional fuels for policy. In this work, we examined the assumptions and methodologies surrounding these two highly controversial areas. We also investigated different approaches to time accounting for LUC. |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
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