摘要: |
Urban systems are complex, open, integrated, and nonlinear systems, where economic, land use, transportation factors interact and produce a myriad of interesting and important system properties such as economic growth, equity, land development, congestion, and pollution. The interdependencies among these sub-systems that are critical for successful management and policy decision-making have motivated significant research efforts in developing integrated models of urban economic, land use and transportation systems. Monumental modeling contributions have been made by researchers from various disciplines including economics, regional sciences, urban planning, operations research, and transportation engineering. Most planning organizations in large urban areas now employ both land use and transportation models to guide land development and transportation investment decisions, and many have integrated land use-transportation model with feedback mechanisms for enhanced model consistency. |