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原文传递 Development of an Early Warning Sensor and Network for Brown--?Out Conditions.

题名：	Development of an Early Warning Sensor and Network for Brown--?Out Conditions.
作者：	Etyemezian, V.; Nikolich, G.; Givens, C.; Sudderth, A.
关键词：	Early warning sonar systems (Equipment), Brown out scenarios, Warning networks, Dust measurements, Network development, Sensors
摘要：	Brownout conditions on motorways are caused by windblown dust and sand from upwind areas where soils are susceptible to wind erosion. Owing in part to prolonged droughts that have dried soils and denuded vegetation and biological crusts, large, multi--?car pile--?ups have occurred in all three states within the SOLARIS (Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico) domain (e.g., AP 2011; 2013; Chumley, 2013) as well as in other states such as Oklahoma, Texas, and Colorado. Unfortunately, blowing dust is only likely to become a more significant problem in coming years; it is expected that the severity of drought events (such as the one the western US has been experiencing), fires, and wind storms will increase in the coming decades (Seager et al., 2007). In the near--?term, early warning sensor networks in specific portions of the roadway network where brownout events are known to occur could offer the most economical means to mitigate traffic accidents and deaths stemming from dust storms. This project has focused on developing a ground based early warning system. It is envisioned that this system would ultimately consists of multiple, networked nodes that are emplaced upstream of roadways with known or suspected brownout potential. The fact that the network is upwind of the roadway provides the ability to accurately gauge the onset of brownout conditions prior to the significant deterioration of visibility. The spatially distributed network design allows for identifying which source areas are the greatest contributors to brownout conditions. This information can be used over time to mitigate blowing dust from such source areas and reduce the occurrence of brownout conditions. This report covers the first year of research on this subject. Broadly, the work effort during this first year included modifying a prototype platform for sensing sand movement to be better suited for automated operation upwind of roads that are predisposed to brownouts, inclusion of a sensor for the measurement of airborne dust (separate from ground level sand movement), and preliminary testing of a low--?power wireless communication network.
总页数：	Etyemezian, V.; Nikolich, G.; Givens, C.; Sudderth, A.
报告类型：	科技报告