关键词: |
Residential, Residential Buildings, CARB, Building America, Low-load, Multifamily, Dwellings, SWA, Consortium for Advanced Residential Buildings, Steven Winter Associates, All-electric HVAC options, Air-source heat pumps, Construction type, Heating loads, Heating capacity, Cooling loads, Cooling capacity, Right-sized, Over-sized, HVAC, Space conditioning loads, Equipment selection |
摘要: |
Low-load options in the heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) market are limited, so many new-construction housing units are being fitted with oversized equipment that results in penalties in system efficiency, comfort, and cost. To bridge the gap between currently available HVAC equipment and the rising demand for low-load HVAC equipment in the marketplace, HVAC equipment manufacturers need to be fully aware of the needs of the multifamily building and attached single-family home markets. Over the past decade, Steven Winter Associates, Inc. has provided certification and consulting services for hundreds of housing projects and has accrued a large pool of data that describe multifamily and attached single-family home characteristics. In this project, the research team Consortium for Advanced Residential Buildings (CARB) compiled and analyzed the data from 941 low-load buildings in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic regions to outline the heating and cooling design load characteristics of low-load dwellings. Within this data set, CARB found that only 1% of the dwellings had right-sized (within 25% of design load) heating equipment and 6% had right-sized cooling equipment. |