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Integrated Transportation and Land Use Models. National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 520. A Synthesis of Highway Practice.
| 题名： | Integrated Transportation and Land Use Models. National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 520. A Synthesis of Highway Practice. |
| 作者： | Moeckel, R. |
| 关键词： | Highways planning, Aggregate quality tests, Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), Blast Furnace Slag (BFS), Innovative contracting, Synthesis, Requirements, Transportation agencies, National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP), Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) |
| 摘要： | Integrated land use/transport models are used to represent the land use/transport feedbackcycle in a model. Everything else being equal, more accessible neighborhoods are moredesirable, in terms of location choice, than less accessible neighborhoods. Location choice andtransportation are interdependent. For example, if more households and/or firms decideto locate in the suburbs, the origins and destinations of trips change, which affects levelsof congestion. That land use and transport are interdependent is not new, but many transportationmodels ignore this link to land use changes.Integrated land use/transport models improve the reasonability of results compared tostand-alone transport models and also offer the opportunity to analyze additional scenarios.Possible effects from alternative zoning scenarios, denser development near transit stations,or affordable housing programs can be tested regarding their influence on population andemployment distributions and their effects on resulting travel demand. This report presentsthe results of investigation into how these models have performed and how an integratedland use/transport model has affected decision making in the region.For this report, the research team has identified different types of land use models thatcan be integrated with transport—sketch planning models and advanced behavioral models(specifically, microsimulation discrete choice models and spatial input-output models)(see Figure S-1). These are discussed below.Sketch planning models are rule-based and excellent for long-term visioning, becausethey tend to run faster and allow users to assess the development capacity of consideredland use scenarios. Such models do not model human behavior explicitly but develop rulesfor development interactions. Examples of sketch planning models include CommunityViz,Envision Tomorrow, and UPlan.Behavioral models, on the other hand, try to represent human behavior based on behavioraltheory at the expense of (commonly) longer runtimes and larger data requirements.Such advanced models can be further categorized into microsimulation discrete choicemodels and spatial input-output models. Both behavioral model categories use advancedtheory to explain human behavior (the approaches differ in model implementation). Microsimulationdiscrete choice models are based on behavioral discrete choice theory, whilespatial input-output models are derived from economic theories. Survey results indicatethat the most used microsimulation discrete choice model in the United States and Canadais UrbanSim; other examples (primarily used in academia) include ILUTE, IRPUD, and Silo.The most widely applied spatial input-output models in the United States and Canada areCUBE Land, MEPLAN, PECAS, and TRANUS.This report describes the basic principles of land use/transport integration. In the mostcommon approach, the land use model provides zonal population and employment to the |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
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