原文传递
Separate Appendix Report
For the PhD Thesis A Geographic
Approach to Modelling Hiiman
Exposure to Traffic Air Pollution
using CIS
| 题名： | Separate Appendix Report For the PhD Thesis A Geographic Approach to Modelling Hiiman Exposure to Traffic Air Pollution using CIS |
| 作者： | Steen Solvang Jensen |
| 关键词： | Driving patterns; Cold start emissions; Travel speed; Road type; Petrol-powered passenger cars; Catalytic convertors |
| 摘要： | The project evaluates the relationship between emissions and travel speeds on different types of roads such as city streets ,highways, express roads and motorways . Appreximately 800 measured driving patterns of 13 streets and roads have been analysed and emissions have been predicted in an emission model, also taking into account deterioration factors and cold start emissions. The result of the analysis is a clear relationship between travel speed ( trip length divided by trip time ) in the range of 10-120 km/h and emissions from all vehicle types .For petrol-powered passenger cars catalysts reduce HC, CO and NOX emissions by 70-80% on main roads and by 60-75% on city streets The difference is due to the proportion of cold engines in city traffic. In city streets, when cars with cold engines are included , the emissions of Co and HC from petrol-powered passenger cars are found to be 10-20% and 5-10% higher, respectively. Travel speed-and not the type of road –is crucial to the level of emissions. However, express roads have slightly higher emission levels than motorways at similar travel speeds, presumably because traffic flows are less steady on express roads than on motorways. |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
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