摘要: |
This report addresses trade and industry conditions for the animal feed industry for the period 1994-98.
Animal feed products include (1) ingredients, derived from the processing of grains, oilseeds, meat, vegetable, and fish products; (2) roughages, such as hay and grasses; (3) compound feeds, which combine ingredient feeds; and (4) pet foods. U.S. producers of animal feed products arc competitive in foreign markets in certain types of animal feed products, particularly pet foods, soybean meal, and com gluten. Commercial producers of compound animal feeds in the U.S. typically produce for the local market Most animal feed products have low levels of import penetration.
U.S. production of primary animal feeds, including complete feeds, supplements, and premixes, rose by 4 percent during 1994-98. Production of protein meal ingredients, such as soybean meal, rose by 21 percent during this period. In the compound animal feed industry, there has been a trend towards vertically integrated mills, with livestock producers owning feed mills and producing animal feed for their own operations.
The United States ran a $3.6 billion trade surplus with foreign trade partners in 1998. Major export markets include the European Union, Japan, Canada, China, and Mexico. Almost two-thirds of U.S. animal feed imports comes from Canada and consists of pet food, compound feeds, and canola meal. Exports and imports of animal feed each increased by 24 percent during 1994-98. U.S. tariffs on animal feed products arc low, with almost 57 percent of U.S. imports entering duty-free.
The United States is the largest producer of compound animal feeds in the world. Other major producers include the European Union, China, Brazil, and Japan. The animal feed industry has been growing rapidly in China and Brazil. Foreign tariffs arc generally low, though high tariffs exist for products that contain ingredients with government supports, such as milk or starch.
Purchasers of animal feed products include commercial feedlots, specialty stores, households, and bakers and millers. On-farm mixing of ingredient feeds has become increasingly common. Pet food consumers are increasingly purchasing premium and superpremium brands.
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