摘要: |
Multi-cell box girder bridges are the most common type in Caltrans' bridge inventory. Caltrans has adopted the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications for the design of these bridges. However, the skew factors for multi-cell box girder bridges are based on a grillage model, which does not capture torsional effects correctly. Further, the AASHTO factors are intended for live load distribution only, and their applicability to permanent loads is unclear. Caltrans has directed the designers to use the more conservative factors in Caltrans' Bridge Design Aids. The skew factors currently in use were developed over 30 years ago, based on simple-span bridges with a limited range of plan geometries. These factors could result in over-design of multi-span bridges. This conservatism coupled with the new truck (HL93 and P15) design loads and improved estimates of prestress losses has led to significant increases in construction costs. |