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Developing and Validating Human Factors Certification Criteria for Cockpit Displays of Traffic Information Avionics. Final technical rept.
| 题名： | Developing and Validating Human Factors Certification Criteria for Cockpit Displays of Traffic Information Avionics. Final technical rept. |
| 作者： | rantanen, e. wickens, c. d. xu, x. thomas, l. c. |
| 关键词： | *Human-factors-engineering; *Display-devices; *Cockpits-; *Air-traffic-control-systems; *Avionics-.;Pilots-; Human-behavior; Reliability-; Cognition-; Criteria-; False-alarms; Conflict-situations; Detection-; Collision-avoidance; Recommendations-; Evaluation-. |
| 摘要： | This report examines issues associated with traffic awareness and conflict detection and resolution applications, particularly the predictive and planning support offered by the Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI). However, inferences about future trajectories of ownship and traffic made by the CDTI logic will, by nature, be imperfect, leading to an apparent loss of reliability of the prediction/planning tools. This loss of reliability and its impact on pilots behavior and cognition is the focus of this report. Three specific aspects of the CDTI are distinguished: Alerts, visual symbology, and planning tools. The report draws from general human factors literature. The tradeoff between false alarms (FAs) and misses (or late alerts), how these tradeoffs affect trust and reliance in the alerting system, and how low base-rate events necessarily create a high false alarm rate (FAR), if highcost misses are to be minimized, are examined. The report concludes with general recommendations emerging from the literature on solutions to mitigate the problems of FAs, with an emphasis on multi-level alerts. Also literature that has addressed the FA-late alert tradeoff and evaluated the CDTI alerts with pilot-in-the-loop (PIL) data was reviewed. Lessons learned from implementation of Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) were assessed and results of the analysis of ASRS reports from TCAS system are reported. |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
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