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原文传递 Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Integration in the National Airspace System (NAS) Project: ACAS Xu HITL Overview.

题名：	Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Integration in the National Airspace System (NAS) Project: ACAS Xu HITL Overview.
作者：	Rorie, R. C.
关键词：	Collision avoidance, Detect and avoid, Experiment design, National airspace system, Pilot performance, Systems integration, Unmanned aircraft systems, Pilotless aircraft
摘要：	This presentation provides an overview of a recently completed human-in-the-loop simulation, conducted as part of the Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Integration in the National Airspace System (NAS) Project. This study examined how to present resolution advisories (RAs) issued by Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) Xu, which can be in the vertical dimension, the horizontal dimension, or both (i.e., "blended"). The study varied the location of the ACAS Xu traffic information - it was either presented within an 'integrated' display or a 'standalone' display, where the traffic information was separated from the vehicle control interfaces and navigational information. The presentation covers the test set-up, scenario design, and facilities utilized in this experiment. The primary dependent variables are listed, but no detailed results are included in this outbrief since data analysis is still underway.Goal: assess ACAS Xu Run 5 in a HITL setting to measure pilot &system performance– RWC alerting and guidance– RA alerting and guidance• Horizontal-only, vertical-only, and blended RAs• Strengthening RAs, reversals and added/removed RAs during blendedmaneuvers– Incorporate realistic sensor noise into the simulation environment– Compare pilot and DAA system performance back to NASA’s Phase 1DAA MOPS V&V HITL• We leveraged the findings of an engineering analysisconducted in March to help inform how to implement the Xulogic– Part 1 focused on how to display horizontal-only, vertical-only andblended RAs– Part 2 focused on how to display automated RA responses Xu Engineering Analysis Results Part 1 objectives:– Characterize pilot responses to (canned) ACAS Xu RAs in a variety ofdisplay configurations• With vs. Without text accompaniment• Simple vs. ‘Advanced’ aural alerting• Results– Pilots struggled to meet 5 seconds initial response requirement• Particularly against horizontal and blended RAs– Pilots failed to respond more quickly to secondary RAs• Expected response time to subsequent RAs = 2.5 seconds No clear effect of the different alerting conditions on responsetimes– Response times primarily driven by RA type• Pilots demonstrated high level of compliance with RAs andself-reported Xu alerting and guidance as being acceptable– 1/5 reported text as being necessary– 4/5 wanted the aural alert to retain the original RA sequence (i.e., issuea follow-on RA second rather than first)– 4/5 wanted to retain the “Maintain Heading/Vertical Speed” aural alertin the event that the pilot reached their target response at the time ofsecondary RA Based on these results, we decided on the following for theHITL experimental design:– Incorporated an ‘auto-fill’ feature in Vigilant Spirit that removes theneed for pilots to manually enter a heading or altitude for RAs• Pilots only have to click ‘Send’ to upload the RA target heading/altitude– Did not include an RA ‘text box’ • The auto-fill feature largely replaces the purpose of the text box– Using a combination of the ‘Basic’ and ‘Advanced’ aural alerting• In case of blended maneuvers will issue “Maintain Heading/Vertical Rate” ifpilot has reached 1st RA target at the time the 2nd RA is issued• Integration and testing with Xu Run 5 also resulted in us addingdisplay logic to modify how horizontal RAs are presented– Target heading was shown to update at approx. 1 Hz making it difficultfor pilots to implement– Display logic limited horizontal RA strengthening to once every 5seconds• Did not impact timing of reversals, new RAs (i.e., blended), or CoC Engineering Analysis Results
报告类型：	科技报告