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原文传递 Built Environment and Pedestrian Safety in the Philadelphia Region.

题名：	Built Environment and Pedestrian Safety in the Philadelphia Region.
作者：	Guerra, E.; Dong, X.; Kondo, M.; Artavia, L.; Benitez, J.; Berman, J.; Gold, I.; Kearney, J.; Li, M.; Lin, L.; Shen, D.; Siulagi, A.; Zhou, X.; Zhang, C.
关键词：	Built environment, Crash data, Fatalities, Pedestrian safety, Population density, Spatial analysis, Statistical analysis, Traffic law enforcement, Highways, Pedestrians, Bicyclists, Safety and human factors, Carnegie Mellon University, Philadelphia (Pennsylvania)
摘要：	Every year, car collisions claim approximately one and a quarter million lives (World Health Organization 2014). Improvements in vehicle technology and required in-vehicle safety features have driven a decline in U.S. fatalities, but done little to reduce pedestrian traffic fatalities, which account for 14% of the total. In cities with the lowest fatality rates, pedestrians account for an even greater share of fatalities. The share is even higher in dense cities, which tend to have the lowest fatality rates. At the request of newly elected Mayor Jim Kenney, the Philadelphia Streets Department has taken the leading role in sponsoring research and seeking support to develop a strategic framework and toolkit of policies and investments to increase traffic safety. The emphasis is on pedestrians who account for 40% of fatalities. This investigation will support these efforts and seek to create generalizable knowledge that can be applied in a variety of contexts.Matching crash records to spatial measures of the built and social environment, the proposal will examine how the built environment, poverty, exposure, and local enforcement contribute to concentrations of pedestrian injuries and fatalities in Philadelphia using predictive statistical models. In addition to informing policies to reduce pedestrian injuries and fatalities in Philadelphia, the study will focus on how differing units of analysis (road segments, intersections, census tracts, grid cells, etc.) and measures of exposure (pedestrian mode share, traffic volumes, population density, etc.) influence findings. Despite some consistency in findings, there is little consistency in how the existing literature assesses the relationship between the built environment and pedestrian injuries and fatalities.
报告类型：	科技报告