原文传递
The Use of Foreign-Flagged or Foreign-Owned Shipping in U.S. Military Sealift: Risks for the Combatant Commander
| 题名： | The Use of Foreign-Flagged or Foreign-Owned Shipping in U.S. Military Sealift: Risks for the Combatant Commander |
| 作者： | Kramer, Douglas R. |
| 关键词： | *MILITARY HISTORY##*SEALIFT OPERATIONS##*MERCHANT VESSELS##*FOREIGN##*CARGO SHIPS##*RISK##NAVAL VESSELS(SUPPORT)##PERSIAN GULF WAR##MARITIME INDUSTRY##OVERSEAS##LEGISLATION##AVAILABILITY##RELIABILITY##VULNERABILITY##IRAQI WAR##DEPLOYMENT |
| 摘要： | Sealift will inevitably be a major component of transporting U.S. military forces to overseas deployments. Of particular concern for the future is the decline in the number of active U.S. mariners, and that many U.S. shipping lines are now foreign-owned as well. For a number of reasons, the U.S. has used foreign-flagged shipping in the largest deployments, including Desert ShieldDesert Storm and Operation Iraqi Freedom. Foreign-flagged shipping poses risks in terms of its potential availability, reliability, and vulnerability. Foreign-owned shipping also poses difficulties because risks to the ships might discourage owners from making them available for sealift. Some risks from using foreign-flagged shipping were observed during both major operations against Iraq, but they proved to be moderate, and some of the mitigation strategies employed by the United States had success. Nonetheless, operational situations where foreign-flagged shipping could pose a greater risk than in the past include operations that would require greater numbers of tankers, of which the United States has a shortage, and operations against opponents with significant undersea warfare capabilities. Because the use of foreign-flag shipping has become a fact of life in sealift, U.S. commanders will need to calculate this risk into their planning. |
| 总页数： | 29 |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
相关文献
- Foreign Flag Shipping: A Weakness in the Sealift Trident
- Foreign Flag Sealift: A Risky Business for The Combatant Commander.
- Spector v. Norwegian Cruise Line Ltd.-Background, Legal Issues, and Implications for Persons with Disabilities.
- Spector v. Norwegian Cruise Line Ltd.-Background, Legal Issues, and Implications for Persons with Disabilities.
- Federal Maritime Commission Budget Estimates, Fiscal Year 2009.
- Federal Maritime Commission Summary and Highlight Statement Budget Estimates, 2008.
检索历史
应用推荐
