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Great Lakes Shipping, Trade, and Aquatic Invasive Species
| 题名： | Great Lakes Shipping, Trade, and Aquatic Invasive Species |
| 作者： | empty |
| 关键词： | Great Lakes##Invasive species##Ecology##Zebra mussel##Ballast water##Saint Lawrence Seaway##Waterborne transportation##Dreissena polymorpha## |
| 摘要： | The Laurentian Great Lakes are the largest unfrozen reservoir of freshwater on earth, accounting for almost one-fifth of the worlds fresh surface water. They are vital to the economy of the Great Lakes region and to the quality of life of its residents, providing drinking water for more than 33 million people in Canada and the United States, supplying hydroelectric power, supporting industries, providing waterborne transportation, and offering a variety of recreational opportunities. Human activities have, however, imposed stresses on the Great Lakes basins ecological integrity, and one of these stresses the introduction of nonindigenous species of animals and plants is the focus of this report. The opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway in 1959 provided a route into the Great Lakes not only for international maritime trade but also for aquatic invasive species (AIS) carried in the ballast water needed by ships to operate safely. Ships ballast water is not the only vector by which AIS enter the Great Lakes, but it has accounted for 55 to 70 percent of reported AIS introductions since 1959, including that of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha). |
| 总页数： | 226 |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
相关文献
- Great Lakes Shipping, Trade, and Aquatic Invasive Species. Special pub.
- 2008 Summary of Great Lakes Seaway Ballast Water Working Group. March 2009.
- Regulating Ballast Water Discharges: Current Legislative Issues. CRS Report for Congress.
- Preventing the Spread of Aquatic Invasive Species by Recreational Boats: Model Legislative Provisions and Guidance to Promote Reciprocity Among State Watercraft Inspection and Decontamination Programs
- Risk Assessment of Recreational Boating Traffic and Aquatic Nuisance Species (Dreissenid Mussel) Invasion to Lakes, Rivers and Reservoirs of the Western United States
- Symposium on Ballast Water Management and Aquatic Nuisance Species: Setting a Research Agenda for the Great Lakes. Held in Duluth, Minnesota on April 29, 1999.
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