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原文传递 External Costs of Truck and Rail Freight Transportation

题名：	External Costs of Truck and Rail Freight Transportation
作者：	Forkenbrock, D. J.
关键词：	Freight transportation##Operating costs##Intermodal transportation systems##Accidents##Trucks##Rail transportation##Fatalities##Injuries##Emission##Noise##Maintenance##Tables(Data)##Economic growth##Air pollution##Highway transportation##Policy making##
摘要：	From a societal perspective, it is desirable for all transportation services to pay their full social (private and external) costs. If the full social cost were reflected in the prices shippers pay, transportation users could choose the amount of each form of service to consume on the basis of the true cost of this service to society. By 'internalizing external costs, policy makers would effectively create a market through which transportation users could weigh the benefits of consuming a particular transportation service against the true costs. The purpose of this monograph is to estimate these true costs for freight truck and rail. The authors estimate four general types of external costs for a ton-mile of freight shipped by truck or rail: accidents (fatalities, injuries, and property damage); emissions (air pollution and greenhouse gases); noise; and unrecovered costs associated with the provision, operation, and maintenance of public facilities (primarily roads and bridges).
总页数：	72
报告类型：	科技报告