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原文传递 Transportation Planning for Sustainability Guidebook

题名：	Transportation Planning for Sustainability Guidebook
作者：	Amekudzi, A.; Meyers, M.
关键词：	State transportation agencies##Guide books##Performance measurement##Sustainability##Objectives##Case studies##Sustainable development##Sustainable transportation##
摘要：	Transportation infrastructure investments have long-lasting implications not only on the transportation system but also on the larger environmental, economic, and social systems with which transportation interacts. As stated on the sustainability webpage of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), the sustainability of the transportation system is critical because the sector is responsible for 10 percent of the worlds gross domestic product, 22 percent of global energy consumption, 25 percent of fossil fuel burning, and 30 percent of global air pollution and greenhouse gases. Transportation agencies generally do not have processes and tools to gather and sort through information on such system interactions in order to make more effective investment decisions. Sustainable transportation is generally used to refer to transportation that contributes to the sustainable development of the community that owns and uses the system. A principal component of sustainable development, sustainable transportation tends to be defined in different ways by different agencies depending on specific priorities or constraints. However, it essentially includes effective and efficient system performance, with positive impacts on the social quality of life, economic competitiveness and the preservation of the natural environment. More recently, transportation agencies in the US have begun to develop processes and tools to gather and analyze information on system interactions in order to make more effective investment decisions. Other countries have conducted research on transportation and sustainability for several years and as a result, international experiences can provide several valuable lessons. Examples of international experiences that might be of interest include a wide range of planning and analysis tools, including Spatial Planning, Backcasting and Strategic Sustainability Analysis (SSA). Backcasting is an analytical tool that recasts the decision-making environment to better understand potential futures by deciding on the desired status of selected critical factors (e.g., related to livability, environment, and economy). Policies are then developed and implemented to promote technological innovation as well as the behaviors to achieve the desired future state. Spatial planning techniques consider spatial relationships within the context of a wide range of planning criteria, e.g. jobs/housing locations to promote economic development, environmental preservation and social quality of life. SSA, used by both Germany and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development to assess transportation impacts, is a model-based methodology for analyzing complex transportation decisions with longterm time horizons; interlinked with environmental, economic, and social systems; and with a spatial scope above the project-level. These types of techniques when applied at broader geographic scales, e.g. regionally or mega-regionally, tend to have more potential to promote global and regional economic competitiveness and set a general context for activities at state, county, or city levels of decision making.
总页数：	169
报告类型：	科技报告