摘要: |
he Safety Handbook for Locals (S-HAL) is intended to be a comprehensive traffic safety resource for all local communities in Missouri, be it cities or counties. The S-HAL mirrors the national Highway Safety Manual (HSM) (AASHTO, 2010) in using a systematic and data-driven approach to improving traffic safety. The HSM is expected to significantly influence local policy and engineering practice, in the same way that the Highway Capacity Manual transformed traffic impact analysis for planning and site development. It is important that the S-HAL is consistent with the principles and techniques promoted in the HSM, which was developed using a wealth of national highway safety knowledge and experience; the S-HAL takes advantage of the same wellspring of knowledge. The HSM is divided into four major parts. Part A discusses fundamentals of traffic safety, including human factors. Part B presents the safety management process, namely, network screening, diagnosis, countermeasure design, economic appraisal, project prioritization, and safety effectiveness evaluation. Part C describes predictive methods for rural highways, and urban and suburban arterials. Part D lists crash modification factors for a wide range of transportation facilities and treatments. The S-HAL covers the same topics as the HSM but not in as much detail. Also, the S-HAL focuses on facilities that are of more interest to local communities; thus freeway and expressway facilities are not covered in the S-HAL. Even though the types of topics covered in the HSM and the S-HAL are similar, the S-HAL is organized into seven chapters instead of four parts. Topics covered in the S-HAL include establishing a traffic records system, screening for problem locations, analyzing conflict and crash patterns, designing safety improvements, conducting road safety audits, and accessing national and regional safety resources. The S-HAL can be considered a gateway to HSM, since it introduces readers to the theory and techniques presented in the HSM. |