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原文传递 Enhancing Sleep Efficiency on Vessels in the Tug/Towboat/Barge Industry

题名：	Enhancing Sleep Efficiency on Vessels in the Tug/Towboat/Barge Industry
作者：	Reid, K. J.; Turek, F. W.; Zee, P. C.
关键词：	Sleep efficiency##Tugboats##Towboat operators##Barege industry##Safety concerns##Human error##Boat accidents##Safety Management System (SMS)##Sleep depravation##Performance levels##
摘要：	Safety is a major concern in all freight operations with human error often being a key factor in incidents and accidents. Fatigue increases the risk for human error, which is why managing fatigue should be a key component of any safety management system (SMS). For many years the usual way to manage operator fatigue has been to limit work hours, and while there is still a place for a scientifically valid restriction on work hours to reduce operator fatigue, many industries view this as simply one element in what would ideally be a larger program, such as a Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS). A key premise that is used to justify the need to provide adequate rest intervals is the general consensus that 7 to 8 hours of sleep per 24-hour period is required to maintain acceptable levels of alertness, minimize fatigue, permit optimum performance, and maintain health. An element that is often missing from the discussion of adequate rest intervals in the maritime sector is that in order to obtain 7 to 8 hours of consecutive sleep, rest intervals may need to be as long as 24 hours (Roach et al. 2003). Rest intervals of this duration are unlikely to be feasible in any operational setting. So while the premise that sleeping for 7 to 8 hours per day is optimal and is not generally disputed, there have been several recent studies suggesting that a sleep episode may not need to consist of 7 to 8 consecutive hours in order to maintain adequate levels of performance. These studies suggest that even when sleep is split into more than one episode per day, often referred to as an anchor-sleep/nap-sleep strategy, that performance is comparable, and in some cases, better than when the same duration of sleep is obtained in a single sleep period (Mollicone et al. 2007, Mollicone et al. 2008, Jackson et al. 2014, Kosmadopoulos et al. 2014, Short et al. 2014).
总页数：	180
报告类型：	科技报告