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Standardized Metrics for Accessibility: Establishing a Federal Policy-Relevant Knowledge Base
| 题名： | Standardized Metrics for Accessibility: Establishing a Federal Policy-Relevant Knowledge Base |
| 作者： | Grengs, J.; Levine, J.; Reed, T.; Grisham, N. |
| 关键词： | Standardized metrics##Transportation accessibility##Federal policy##performance manamgement##Transportation mobility##Mobility assessments##Data collection## |
| 摘要： | Planning agencies use performance measures to help public officials ensure careful and responsible stewardship of public resources, to monitor progress toward their adopted goals, and to evaluate whether their adopted plans are likely to achieve these goals. Researchers have emphasized that performance measures in practice are rarely effectively aligned with the complexity of the stated goals in plans, and as a result decisions commonly give too much weight to the particular goals that are most easily measured by current techniques and practices (Ewing 1995; Handy 2008; Hartgen and Neumann 2002). A recent trend from political leaders is to demonstrate accountability in the spending of scarce public funds, and this is reflected in the most recent federal transportation bill. The Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21) of 2012 created a new system for states and metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) to measure the performance of their investments against federally required measures. The law establishes new requirements for performance management to ensure the most efficient investment of federal transportation funds (Federal Register Volume 81, Number 78, April 22, 2016). These changes resulted from a Congress that was seeking increased accountability and transparency of federal transportation spending, and they require agencies to implement techniques to better ensure that actions are leading to anticipated outcomes.1 However, these recent changes requiring closer scrutiny of performance outcomes unfortunately retain a mobility-based perspective of transportation policy, with the goal of reducing congestion listed as the first and foremost goal. Under all such mobility-based evaluation measures, planners, engineers, and the general public continue to regard rapid movement as a defining success. |
| 总页数： | 36 |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
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