摘要: |
From time to time, construction damage occurs through errors in handling, sluny placement, concrete placement, casings, cages, and other factors than can damage deep foun dations . To ensure the foundation integrity, non-destructive tests (NOT) are frequently used as part of the quality control process. The commonly used NDT for deep foundations include sonic echo/impulse response, parallel seismic, crosshole acoustic logging, gamma-gamma, high strain impact, and others. Advantage and limitations of these methods will be discussed. Em phasis will be placed on the most commonly used methods: sonic echo, crosshole acoustic log ging, and high-strain impact testing. Due to the highly technical nature of these methods, planning and data interpretations become the most important part of the tests. Four case studies on these three test methods are presented. Three of these cases showed a lack of quality control or planning of the project that resulted in either litigations or project delays. A well planned NDT program was conducted for a highway project. The planning re sulted in a successful testing program. |