详情

Investigation of Fine Particulate Matter, NOx and Tropospheric Ozone Transport Around a Major Roadway

项目名称：	Investigation of Fine Particulate Matter, NOx and Tropospheric Ozone Transport Around a Major Roadway
摘要：	In a collaborative effort sponsored by the U.S. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), regulators, researchers, and consultants identified and prioritized the research needs for the transportation community. With respect to particulate matter (PM), monitoring near highways was identified as of the highest basic research priority, and evaluating hot-spot models for PM was identified as of the highest 'applied research' priority. These recommendations are parallel to the proposals by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) which may require metropolitan planning organizations (MPO's) and departments of transportation (DOT's) to estimate the impacts of transportation projects near roadways. However, available modeling tools have not been evaluated with the PM monitoring data, since such data to perform hot-spot modeling are not available. Therefore, near-roadway monitoring of PM is essential for spatial hot-spot modeling to aid the state DOT's and MPO's in their estimations of the impact of transportation projects. This activity will also contribute to the improvement of the hot-spot models. Through their reactions in the atmosphere, nitrogen oxides from vehicular emissions lead to the production of a complex mixture of chemicals, which can further transform into secondary aerosols that increase the particulate matter (PM) content of the ambient air. PM is a complex mixture of organic and inorganic matter that is present in the atmosphere as liquid droplets and solid particles. About 15% of particulate matter is produced by transportation activity and about 24 % of the total PM10 emitted by all sources in US is PM2.5. Seventy two per cent of the transportation-related PM2.5 emissions are due to diesel vehicles. Ten per cent of the nonroad emissions are due to marine mobile sources and 7 % is attributed to each of railroads and aircraft. The National Ambient Air Quality Standards for PM2.5 are set at 15.0 μg/m3 as the annual standard and 35 μg/m3 as the 24-hour standard; and for PM10, 150 μg/m3 as the 24-hour standard. EPA finalized guidance on PM hotspot modeling on December 20, 2010, and initiated a two-year grace period before these new requirements become mandatory. Therefore, in this project, it is proposed to do simultaneous NOx, O3, and PM measurements during this cycle. These simultaneous measurements will enable better prediction of the pollutant concentrations by existing models; and will facilitate the validation of the interactive chemistry between those compounds cited in literature. Thus, this project will address two research priorities identified for the transportation community, namely, pollutant monitoring near roadways and evaluation of the hot-spot dispersion models. Thus, it will help Virginia Department of Transportation (and ultimately, the US Department of Transportation) to develop on-road estimates for state implementation plans (SIPs) and regional and project-level transportation conformity analysis. To address these issues, this research project, is specifically proposing the following four tasks: (1) to install the TEOM 1405-DF inside the all weather enclosure; (2) to install the enclosure and the TEOM on a hand cart; (3) to obtain coordinated measurements of NO, NOx, ozone, and PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations and meteorological conditions at varying distances from the I-64 section adjacent to the Hampton University property, together with the traffic data, taking into account the experience gained during the research performed in the last three years; and (4) to use CALINE4 to estimate the NO2 and PM concentrations at receptors located at the measurement points. The emission factors will be evaluated using MOVES.
状态：	Completed
资金：	460000.00
资助组织：	Research and Innovative Technology Administration
执行机构：	Hampton University
开始时间：	20120620
实际结束时间：	20130531
主题领域：	Environment；Highways；I15: Environment