详情

原文传递 A Review of Regulatory Instruments to Control Environmental Externalities from the Transport Sector

题名：	A Review of Regulatory Instruments to Control Environmental Externalities from the Transport Sector
责任者：	Timilsina, Govinda R.<=>Dulal, Hari B.
关键词：	Energy；Energy Production and Transportation；Transport
学科分类：	交通运输规划与管理
摘要：	This study reviews regulatory instruments designed to reduce environmental externalities from the transport sector. The study finds that the main regulatory instruments used in practice are fuel economy standards, vehicle emission standards, and fuel quality standards. Although industrialized countries have introduced all three standards with strong enforcement mechanisms, most developing countries have yet to introduce fuel economy standards. The emission standards introduced by many developing countries to control local air pollutants follow either the European Union or United States standards. Fuel quality standards, particularly for gasoline and diesel, have been introduced in many countries mandating 2 to 10 percent blending of biofuels, 10 to 50 times reduction of sulfur from 1996 levels, and banning lead contents. Although inspection and maintenance programs are in place in both industrialized and developing countries to enforce regulatory standards, these programs have faced several challenges in developing countries due to a lack of resources. The study also highlights several factors affecting the selection of regulatory instruments, such as countries' environmental priorities and institutional capacities.
出版机构：	World Bank
报告类型：	咨询报告
详细地址：	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090317095252
资源类型：	科技（咨询、行业）报告
初始创建时间：	2009-03-01
最新修改时间：	2017-12-14T05:38:57Z