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Emission factors 2009: Report 4 - a review of methodologies for modelling cold-start emissions
| 题名： | Emission factors 2009: Report 4 - a review of methodologies for modelling cold-start emissions |
| 责任者： | P G Boulter, S Latham |
| 关键词： | not available |
| 学科分类： | 绿色交通 |
| 摘要： | TRL was commissioned by the Department for Transport to review the approach used in the National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (NAEI) for estimating emissions from road vehicles, and to propose new methodologies. This Report summarises the models which are available for estimating ‘cold-start’ emissions. Exhaust emissions of regulated pollutants are higher during the cold-start phase than when the engine, lubricants, coolants, exhaust catalyst, drive train and tyres are at their design temperatures. This is due to a combination of incomplete fuel combustion in the engine, catalyst inefficiency, and increased friction in the engine and drive train and at the tyre-road interface. A wide range of factors affect cold-start emissions, and the Report includes a brief summary of a number of studies dealing with the subject. The method used in the NAEI for estimating cold-start emissions is summarised, and potential limitations are highlighted. The Report also identifies a number of potential sources of data which might be used to update and refine the modelling approach in the NAEI. The main conclusion of the Report is that before any more detailed modelling of cold-start emissions is attempted the current NAEI model (which is based upon the COPERT II model) should be updated to reflect the COPERT 4 methodology. However, new methodologies are scheduled to be available in 2009, and when these are published they should be considered for inclusion in the NAEI. |
| 出版机构： | Transport Research Laboratory |
| 提交日期： | 27 November 2009 |
| 总页数： | 56 |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
| 资源类型： | 科技（咨询、行业）报告 |
| 初始创建时间： | 27 November 2009 |
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