摘要: |
The 3D model-based design approach is close to market saturation for roads and continues to gain market penetration for bridges. 3D model-based design is reframing how we design, review, communicate, and coordinate project details in our organizations, with the public and to contractors. The model-based approach could produce optimal designs, improve information transfer, manage project data better, and improve overall efficiency of the road and bridge project delivery process. State departments of transportation (DOTs) have also begun a process to change the medium of construction contract documents from paper or 2D PDF plans to include 3D model-based, digital information that is contractually-binding. The drivers of this major change are the ability for contractors and inspectors to consume 3D design data directly to support their activities and the opportunity to more comprehensively define, evaluate, and communicate the design intent. However, changing the medium of construction contract information also creates a procedural challenge. More state DOTs are interested in expanding the benefits of the model-based approach to project delivery. Two distinct, but related barriers are (1) a lack of a robust approach to 3D model-based design reviews (including review documentation) and (2) a lack of holistic quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) processes for 3D model-based contractual information. The procedures are well established for executing design checks using 2D plans (either paper or PDF-based), but do not translate easily to digital 3D models. The objective of this research is to provide guidance to agencies on how to develop design review QC and review documentation QA procedures for a 3D model environment, as well as to provide guidance for QC of the digital, 3D model-based construction contract documents. While there is progress towards resolving technological challenges to replacing the medium of roadway and bridge design contract documents, a lack of rigorous processes for 3D model-based design reviews and 3D model QC and QA is a serious concern for many agencies and engineering consultants. Owners are unable to scale the practice of contractual 3D models until these two issues are resolved. |