摘要: |
To address problems resulting from insufficient lateral capacity of piles in bridge piers supported by pile groups with single-row or multiple-row configurations, advanced three-dimensional finite-element (FE) analyses will be performed to study the lateral capacity and stability of single piles and pile groups installed in soil profiles containing a weak, compliant soil layer in the soil profile. In the FE analyses, sand and clay layers will be modeled by using advanced constitutive models. Preliminary conservative guidelines for a few specific critical cases will be provided for implementation in the first year of the project. A range of design scenarios (defined by soil profiles, loading cases and pile group layouts) will be analyzed, and the results will be consolidated into design procedures and equations that can be added to the Indiana Design Manual. |