详情

A Handbook for Effective Signaling in Air Traffic Control

项目名称：	A Handbook for Effective Signaling in Air Traffic Control
摘要：	The Federal Aviation Administration’s air traffic control organization (ATO) encompasses a variety of facilities that include towers, terminal radar approach control facilities (TRACONs), and air route traffic control centers (ARTCCs). Air traffic controllers continually evaluate the impact of such factors as weather, converging traffic, and emergency situations, using this information to prioritize tasks and solve problems before they can impact flight safety. Controllers generally rely on prospective memory, trying to anticipate events and working proactively to avoid loss of separation or other situations in which an alarm or alert would be required. The purpose of an alarm is to get the immediate attention of a human operator when an abnormal event occurs. Alarms are therefore designed to be intrusive and distracting. Frequent interruptions from nonactionable alarms can disrupt the controller’s prospective memory, and there is evidence that improving the design of alarms and alerts can prevent errors (Loft, 2013). There are additional important reasons to improve the sensitivity and specificity of alarms and to harmonize alarms across equipment and the ATO. Alarm systems that are perceived to be unreliable are likely to provoke the so-called cry-wolf effect (Breznitz, 1984), especially during periods of high workload (Bliss, 2000). A critical first step for solving the problems described above is to create a handbook to guide signaling practice across all ATC facilities. The project team will leverage results of past scientific research regarding signal effectiveness to build an informative resource for controllers and signal designers. After completion of the handbook, the project team will plan to develop a training program for air traffic controllers that provides guidance on how to make the best use of signaling functions to ensure safety. This program will help air traffic controllers to anticipate signals and rely on them appropriately during critical periods, while minimizing the risk of alarm fatigue. Ultimately, well trained controllers should exploit alarms, alerts and warnings to build situation awareness and to lessen cognitive workload.
状态：	Active
资金：	$681000
资助组织：	Federal Aviation Administration
项目负责人：	Herschler, Dan
执行机构：	University of Chicago
开始时间：	20190927
预计完成日期：	20240926
主题领域：	Aviation；Safety and Human Factors