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Assessing the Effect of the Integration among the Urbanization and Industries Development in Three Gorges Reservoir Area in China Based on P-VAR Models

[国外交通期刊数据库] 作者:Xiaoqin Zou

摘要:Urbanization is an important engine in regional economic development and transformation. In this paper, panel-vector autoregressive (P-VAR) models are constructed based on panel data of the Three Gorges reservoir in China during the period 2007–2011. Using the impulse-response function and variance decomposition, this paper empirically analyzes the relevance between urbanization and industry development. The authors find that (1) agriculture development has a short and weak effect on urbanization, but the latter has no such effect on the former; (2) there is no significant integration between urbanization and manufacturing industry development; and (3) service development has a long, persistent, and gradually strengthening effect on urbanization and vice versa. This indicates a prominent integration between urbanization and service development. The findings suggest that policies that promote and support service and modern agriculture development will promote the New Urbanization development of the Three Gorges Reservoir area.

Retraction: Triantis, E., Tzouvadakis, J., Bougiatioti, F., Diamantidou, D., and Chryssicopoulos, G. (2011). "Urban Microclimate Investigation of Major Squares in Athens." J. Urban Plann. Dev., 10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000100 (Aug. 5, 2011)

[国外交通期刊数据库]

摘要:Retraction: Triantis, E., Tzouvadakis, J., Bougiatioti, F., Diamantidou, D., and Chryssicopoulos, G. (2011). "Urban Microclimate Investigation of Major Squares in Athens." J. Urban Plann. Dev., 10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000100 (Aug. 5, 2011)

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[国外交通期刊数据库]

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Clustering Approach for Defining Hurricane Evacuation Zones

[国外交通期刊数据库] 作者:Gino J. Lim

摘要:In the aftermath of recent hurricanes, many people either died or were stranded in the affected areas due to lack of time for evacuation caused by traffic congestion on evacuation routes. The main sources of traffic congestion are the unnecessary evacuation of the areas located outside evacuation zones as well as early evacuation of the less dangerous areas. In this paper, a set of evacuation zones is defined to prioritize the evacuation based on the danger level in the impact areas during a hurricane landfall. A clustering analysis approach is used to formulate this problem and is solved using dynamic programming. The proposed approach is examined on a case study in Harrison County, Mississippi, to prove its applicability.

Role of Urban Planning in Encouraging More Sustainable Lifestyles

[国外交通期刊数据库] 作者:Eeva-Sofia Säynäjoki

摘要:Where urban planning is used to promote environmental sustainability, it has traditionally focused on reducing emissions from housing and traffic. However, cities are increasingly being recognized as consumption centers of the global economy, as the origin of demand, and as the point of termination for complex economic supply chains. Based on results produced by a hybrid life-cycle assessment model, which attributed the end-to-end emissions of supply chains to end users, consumption that is not related to housing or ground transportation was found to account for 30％ of regional greenhouse gas emissions on average. In highly urbanized areas, the figure was even higher, at 45％. Furthermore, a literature review indicated that most environmental assessment tools for local city-level and subcity-level urban planning are neither able to identify the environmental impacts of personal consumption nor the relationships between urban structures and personal consumption. Thus, this study concludes that there is an apparent gap between the needs and the means of the regional environmental management of urban areas.

Grid-Geometry Sampling Technique: Identifying Optimal Alternatives for Housing Developments on Hillsides

[国外交通期刊数据库] 作者:Ching-Sheng Chiu

摘要:Partitioning development sites into gridded networks for slope/gradient analysis is one of the most important steps for housing development on hillsides. In concept, different housing development alternatives can be created by fusing various gridded networks and slope calculation methods. This study proposes a grid-geometry sampling technique (G2ST) and an optimal model of housing development (OMHD) as an assistant tool for solving the problem of housing development on hillsides. Applying the G2ST, enormous gridded networks can be generated by altering the origin shift and axis rotation. Each gridded network represents a feasible alternative of the OMHD. Based on slope analysis, the OMHD has two objectives: the area of permitted housing development (APHD) and the floor area of housing unit (FAHU). By calculating the objective value of all gridded networks for a housing development side, the optimal alternatives can be identified from the gridded networks. Results obtained in experiments using field-survey contours show that the APHD and FAHU are dependent not only the gridded network, but also the slope calculation method. With the aid of the G2ST and OMHD, governments and developers can easily and quickly obtain diverse gridded networks and slope analysis results for hillside development applications, despite the fact that the generation of gridded networks is highly complex and difficult to solve manually. Integrating the G2ST and OMHD enables identifying approximately optimal alternatives and provides diverse alternatives and flexible ways to review the problem of housing development on hillsides. If authorities want to mitigate the effect of disasters for housing development on hillsides, they can adopt the minimum APHD or OMHD alternatives as the basis for housing development. Because of the efficient and diverse characteristics, the G2ST is applicable to any analysis based on gridded networks, including terrain analysis, flow routing analysis, and the analysis of landscape metrics.

Land Use Optimization for a Rapidly Urbanizing City with Regard to Local Climate Change: Shenzhen as a Case Study

[国外交通期刊数据库] 作者:Wenting Zhang

摘要:Land use and land use change have been proven to be leading causes of local climate change. In cities that undergo rapid urbanization, the urban heat island (UHI) can generate serious problems for the urban living environment. An appropriate overall land use plan can mitigate the detrimental effects of an UHI because it can reduce its development. However, land use decisions are driven by social and economic factors that cannot be made on the basis of moderating an UHI alone. To make a sound land use plan for Shenzhen in 2020, a rapidly urbanizing city in China suffering from UHI due to its fast land development, a genetic algorithm-based multiobjective optimization (MOO) approach was develped that addresses the objectives for future land use. The MOO provides a set of Pareto solutions and then the decision maker or planner can choose from the set of solutions. Recognizing the definite development of certain nonurban land for the local economy, three objectives were considered: (1) minimizing the increase of surface temperature, (2) minimizing the incompatibility between land uses, and (3) minimizing the cost of land use changes from the status quo. To quantify the effects of land use patterns on the UHI in Shenzhen, a self-organizing maps (SOM) method and linear regression model were used to establish the interactive relation. The relation thus obtained was then used in the MOO to help evaluate the effects of alternative land use patterns on the development of the UHI. Four scenarios were examined. The first scenario took all three objectives into account, and one optimal plan was selected randomly from the Pareto set as the first scenario, whereas the other three scenarios considered one objective each. Results showed that MOO can make tradeoffs among the conflicting objectives, indicating that the optimized land use plans can minimize the increasing UHI effects and at the same time attempt to achieve other objectives in the process of land development.

Actors' Preferences in the Redevelopment of Brownfield: Latent Class Model

[国外交通期刊数据库] 作者:Brano Glumac

摘要:Numerous authors have argued that the redevelopment of a brownfield can provide a range of benefits. For example, the physical improvements of a brownfield result in better site characteristics such as lower contamination levels, better site accessibility, and eventually improve the image of a neighborhood. On the other hand, applying proper legal policies leads to a less complicated ownership structure and might result in a faster approval process. These physical improvements and legal policy endeavors often lead to financial benefits such as value capturing or improved real estate value. However, the necessity to deal simultaneously with physical improvements, legal policies, finances, and the tradeoffs that need to be considered therein may explain why brownfield problems are not easily resolved. In addition, many actors are involved in the redevelopment process. Actors such as the municipality, developer, and landowner might have different preferences regarding the essential physical, legal, and financial characteristics. A bundle of such characteristics is regarded as a product or a future brownfield site in this paper. Furthermore, the preference is the impact of a product configuration. This paper highlights the potential of a latent class model in quantifying the variation of the actors' preferences in the context of brownfield redevelopment. A latent class model is a statistical technique that looks at the choices that individuals make between alternatives of products and allows analysts to examine the impact of product configuration on different classes of individuals. An online survey was conducted to gather the required data for this method. More specifically, stated preference data covered the opinions of 111 area development practitioners in the Netherlands. As a result, four real market actors are identified and labeled by their preferences in order to present the potential of using a latent class model as a quantitative tool for mapping the preferences of stakeholders in a brownfield redevelopment project.

Differences between the Perceptions of Captive and Choice Riders toward Bus Service Attributes and the Need for Segmentation of Bus Services in Urban India

[国外交通期刊数据库] 作者:Bhargab Maitra

摘要:An investigation is carried out on the perceptions of captive (i.e., those who do not have a car) and choice riders (i.e., those who have car) toward bus service attributes in the Kolkata metro city in India. The perceptions toward various attributes are captured in terms of willingness to pay (WTP). A stated choice experiment is designed, and the data collected from trip makers are analyzed by developing a random parameter logit model. The study clearly indicates that captive and choice riders are distinctly different groups in terms of their WTP for bus service attributes. For almost all attributes, the WTPs of choice riders are significantly higher than those of captive riders. It may be concluded from the study that the present bus service, even with a higher number of buses (which will improve the frequency), is unlikely to be instrumental in arresting the shift of choice riders to private vehicles. Rather, it is necessary to improve the in-vehicle travel time, improve the quality of buses, and make real-time traffic information available on board and at bus stops to make the bus service an attractive alternative to choice riders. The study also highlights the need for a distinct segmentation of bus service in urban India to make bus service an attractive alternative to choice riders without imposing additional financial burden on the economically weaker section (in terms of increase in fare) and the government (in terms of increase in the subsidy).