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UPLIFT FAILURES OF CORRUGATED METAL PIPE.
| 题名： | UPLIFT FAILURES OF CORRUGATED METAL PIPE. |
| 作者： | Lohnes-RA; Klaiber-FW; Austin-TA |
| 关键词： | CORRUGATED-METAL-PIPES; UPLIFT-; FAILURES-; IOWA-; SURVEYS-DATA-COLLECTION; STATE-DEPARTMENTS-OF-TRANSPORTATION; RESTRAINT-SYSTEMS; DESIGN-STANDARDS; DIAMETERS-; TIEDOWNS-; FORCES-; CUTOFFS-; CASE-HISTORIES |
| 摘要： | Surveys of county engineers in Iowa revealed that between 1970 and 1975 and between 1983 and 1988 corrugated metal pipe (CMP) uplift failures occurred at a rate of six per year. A similar survey of North American Departments of Transportation (DOTs) revealed only nine failures between 1987 and 1992. All failures involved pipes with diameters greater than 1.83 m. Fifty percent of the agencies responding to the second survey indicated they had standards for end restraint. About 6% of the agencies avoid uplift problems by not using CMP and about 12% of the agencies limit the diameters of CMP. Eight agencies provided data that allowed calculation of end restraint force as a function of pipe diameter. The forces provided by the end restraints range from about 50 to 300 kN for a pipe 2 m in diameter. A simplistic and very conservative analysis that treats the CMP as a beam was conducted as a basis for comparison. Six standards recommend forces lower than the analysis whereas three agencies actually recommend resisting forces greater than that provided by the analysis. Two CMPs that failed in uplift were analyzed and the apparent force that caused failure was backcalculated. For one pipe that had no tiedown, the calculated failure force was below all of the standards; however, the presence of a cutoff indicates that cutoffs by themselves are not effective countermeasures to uplift. In the second case history where end restraint was provided, the calculated failure force was greater than that required by six of the nine agency specifications. |
| 总页数： | Transportation Research Record. 1995. (1514) pp68-73 (3 Phot., 4 Fig., 3 Tab., 8 Ref.) |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
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