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原文传递 Vehicular Flow Past Incidents Involving Lane Blockage on Urban Roads A Preliminary Exploration

题名：	Vehicular Flow Past Incidents Involving Lane Blockage on Urban Roads A Preliminary Exploration
作者：	Raub-RA; Pfefer-RC
关键词：	Arterial highways; Streets; Videotapes; Headways; Traffic accidents; Traffic incidents; Traffic flow; Accident types; Injuries, Disasters and emergency operations, Medians, Design; Arterial streets (Urban); Motor vehicle accidents; Disabled vehicles; Personal injury; Emergency response
摘要：	The effects of freeway lane reductions on roadway capacity have been discussed in the literature, but only limited attention has been given to capacity reduction on urban arterial roadways. Videotaping of incident management on arterial roadways as part of another project made available data that could be measured and converted into headways. Fifteen incidents involving crashes and disabled vehicles from which measurements were drawn are examined in this report. All events blocked one lane on a four-lane urban arterial. From the data, headways were measured and estimates of vehicle flow rates computed. Overall, an incident blocking one or two lanes on an urban roadway will reduce the idealized flow from the 1,900 vehicles per hour per lane (3,800 vehicles per hour) as suggested in the "Highway Capacity Manual" by more than 60% for crashes and more than 50% for disabled vehicles. Crashes resulting in personal injury had a worse-case rate of 1,230 vehicles per hour, or 32% of capacity. The lowest recorded flow rate for disabled vehicles was 1,650 vehicles per hour, or 43% of capacity. Distribution of headways around crashes were substantially skewed. On the other hand, headways for disabled vehicles tended to cluster around the mean. Differences in headways not only arose from the type of incident but also appeared to be related to the amount of responder activity (e.g., one police officer versus multiple public safety responders) and by the cross-section of the roadway. In the latter case, roadways with painted medians had shorter headways than those with raised medians or painted center lines. More observations need to be made to validate these initial results.
总页数：	Transportation Research Record.1998. pp 86-92 (FIGS: 5 Fig. TABS: 2 Tab. REFS: 10 Ref.)
报告类型：	科技报告