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原文传递 Guidelines for Sustainable Inland Waterways and Navigation

题名：	Guidelines for Sustainable Inland Waterways and Navigation
作者：	J. Craig FISCHENICH; Jos Van ALPHEN
关键词：	Guidelines ; Inland Waterways; Navigation
摘要：	Rivers and their floodplains are among the most impacted ecosystems in the world. Energy production, freshwater transfer, agriculture, deforestation, pollution, urbanization, drainage, river regulation, and flood protection schemes can lead to ecological deterioration and the loss of important functions, which in turn could threaten future uses of these systems. Navigation infrastructure and operations can also impact the ecological character and functions of waterways. Likewise, a degradation of waterway conditions from any of the above factors might adversely impact the suitability of that waterway for navigation uses. Navigation should ideally be undertaken in a fashion that is in consonance with the other needs of the waterway, including the full range of physical, chemical, and biological functions as well as the social constraints and requirements placed on the system. Water resource systems that can satisfy, to the greatest extent possible, the changing demands placed on them over time, without degradation, can be called “sustainable.” Sustainability, as defined by PIANC (1999) and many other global organizations, means “meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” To achieve sustainability, navigation development and operations must consider long-term impacts to the ecosystem. Navigation has the potential to offer a cleaner and more energyefficient means of transportation than other alternatives; however, to address the challenge of integrating economic, environmental, and social aspects in terms of sustainable development, guidelines for sustainability must be developed and employed. The Environmental Commission of PIANC established Working Group No. 6 (WG6) to develop a document entitled “Guidelines for Sustainable Inland Waterways and Navigation.” The WG concluded that, in addition to the conventional social/use perspective, projects must be assessed in terms of their impacts upon the form and fundamental processes of waterway systems, and that key ecological functions be maintained at, or near, natural levels. These functions relate to: Morphological processes (e.g. evolution and succession) Hydrological balance (e.g. storage and hydrodynamic character) Sediments (e.g. substrate and sedimentation processes) Habitat (e.g. ecological continuum and trophic structure) Biological and chemical processes (e.g. nutrient cycles and water quality) The WG6 report also describes practical aspects of waterway management as they relate to navigation and outlines the way in which primary functions can be used as screening tools to assess the potential impacts from, and sustainability of, proposed navigation decisions. These functions are expanded into more detailed processes, the evaluation of which forms the basis for Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA).
总页数：	Proceedings of the 30th PIANC-AIPCN Congress. Sydney Australia. 22-26 Sept. 2002. pp12
报告类型：	科技报告