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Utilizing Inland Waterway, Coastal and Open Ocean Barging of Containerized Agricultural Products to Overcome Existing Service Deficiencies and Increased Transportation Costs. Part II. Second Year Continuation.
| 题名： | Utilizing Inland Waterway, Coastal and Open Ocean Barging of Containerized Agricultural Products to Overcome Existing Service Deficiencies and Increased Transportation Costs. Part II. Second Year Continuation. |
| 作者： | kratochvil, j. |
| 关键词： | costs, marketing, competition, containers, deficiencies, global aspects, international trade |
| 摘要： | This report is the conclusion of a fascinating two-year exploration of examining the water option(s) for agricultural shippers to remain competitive in global markets. A great number of aspects of the project unfolded, not only the role of Pacific Northwest agricultural products in Asian markets, but also the flow of freight that enables outbound agricultural products to enjoy ocean rates considerably lower than inbound general cargo. The unfavorable U.S. balance of trade for the last 20 years is forecast to continue, if not accelerate, as more manufacturing is moved off our shores to the Peoples Republic of China (PRC), SE Asia and as some forecast, India. However, the pressure to move ocean containers expeditiously back to offshore manufacturers has demanded the containers do not linger in the port hinterland, hence the ocean carrier will return it empty for the next eastbound cargo paying higher revenue to the ocean carrier. For example, the Port of Los Angeles reports that 64.5% or x TEU return empty. The general scenario is that all West Coast ports ship out agricultural products, raw materials, recycled fiber and chemicals. These are lower revenue cargos to the ocean carrier with westbound ships at 40% capacity compared to eastbound at 80% capacity. Eastbound revenue per container compared to westbound can be a factor of 3-5 times higher. With eastbound cargos of electronics, auto parts, toys, etc., it is readily recognized the returning ocean containers for refill of high value products is paramount for an ocean carrier. / NOTE: Final rept. / Supplementary Notes: Sponsored by Agricultural Marketing Service, Washington, DC. Transportation and Marketing Div. / Availability Note: Product reproduced from digital image. Order this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S. customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; and email at orders@ntis.gov. NTIS is located at 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA. |
| 总页数： | u0714；49p |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
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