详情

原文传递 Imperfect Conflict Alerting Systems for the Cockpit Display of Traffic Information.

题名：	Imperfect Conflict Alerting Systems for the Cockpit Display of Traffic Information.
作者：	xu, x. wickens, c. d. rantanen, e.
关键词：	warning systems, pilots, signal detection, conflict, automatic control, failure, false alarms, errors, airspace, communication and radio systems, collision avoidance, human factors engineering, performance evaluation
摘要：	This experiment assessed pilots' abilities to use the imperfect (partially reliable) alerting system to detect conflicts on a cockpit display of traffic information (CDTI). An 83% reliability level of automated conflict detection that was chosen, simulated the sort of unreliability that might be characteristic of such a system, predicting conflicts with longer look-ahead-times, in a probabilistic airspace, subject to turbulence, uncertainty, and future pilot control actions between the time of alert and the time of closest approach with the conflicting traffic. 24 licensed pilots viewed a series of dynamic encounters on a 2D CDTI that varied widely in their difficulty, as influenced by lateral conflict geometry (conflict angle, speed, and distance & time till closest approach). Pilots were asked to estimate the point and time of closest approach at varying times before that point was reached. A 3-level alert system provided a correct categorical estimate of the projected miss distance on 83% of the trials. The remaining 17% of alerts were equally divided between automation misses and false alarms, of large and small magnitude. The data of these pilots were compared with a matched sample of 'baseline' pilots who viewed identical trials without the aid of automated alerts. The results revealed that roughly half the pilots depended on automation, and used it to improve their performance (accurate estimation of miss distance) relative to the baseline pilots who did not receive the automation. Those pilots who depended on automation did so more on the more difficult traffic trials, and were able to improve their performance on the 83% trials when automation was correct, without causing harm (relative to the non-automated group) on the 17% of automation-error trials. The presence of automated alerts appeared to lead pilots to inspect the raw data more closely. / NOTE: Technical rept. / Supplementary Notes: Sponsored by National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, CA. Ames Research Center. / Availability Note: Product reproduced from digital image. Order this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S. customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; and email at orders@ntis.gov. NTIS is located at 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA.
总页数：	u0711；67p
报告类型：	科技报告