关键词: |
subgrades, roads, subsurface drainage, subsurface structures, fluid flow, road materials, porous media, slopes, stability, performance evaluation |
摘要: |
It would be difficult, if not impossible, to select the date when early road builders first became aware of the need for adequate subsurface drainage. However, there is some evidence that this need was recognized almost as soon as formal road building began. Certainly, by the middle of the 18th Century, it was understood that appropriate subsurface drainage was absolutely necessary for the satisfactory long term performance of roadways. The subsequent introduction of 'french drains' and the pavement systems of Tresaguet and MacAdam shows not only an understanding of the problem, but an attempt to incorporate into the roadway design formal measures for the satisfactory removal of water from the pavement structure and subgrade. In the years that have followed these early beginnings, the number of published accounts of research dealing with highway subsurface drainage has undergone a substantial growth. In addition, there has been a steady growth in the knowledge and availability of solutions to problems of fluid flow through porous media. Consequently, we now recognize and understand many of the problems that can be created by excessive subsurface moisture, and we have the means available to provide for the satisfactory control of this moisture. It is the purpose of this manual to provide the designer with the tools to analyze subdrainage problems and to design subsurface drainage facilities to adequately solve these problems. / NOTE: Reprinted Jul 90. / Supplementary Notes: Sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration, Office of Research and Development, McLean, VA. / Availability Note: Also available on CD-ROM. Product reproduced from digital image. Order this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S. customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; and email at orders@ntis.gov. NTIS is located at 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA. |