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原文传递 Energy, emissions, and social consequences of telecommuting. Technical Report One

题名：	Energy, emissions, and social consequences of telecommuting. Technical Report One
关键词：	32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION; 29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY AND ECONOMY; 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS; PERSONNEL; TRAVEL; SOCIAL IMPACT; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS; ECONOMIC IMPACT; COMMUNICATIONS; TRAFFIC CONTROL; ROADS; ECONOMY; WORK; WORKING CONDITIONS; ALTERNATIVE WORK SCHEDULES; QUALITY OF LIFE; USA; AIR POLLUTION; FUEL CONSUMPTION
摘要：	By reducing transportation use, telecommuting can help reduce some of the social costs of travel (traffic congestion, time lost, emissions, dependence on imported fuels, accident deaths and property damage). These positive direct effects will be both offset and supplemented by indirect effects of telecommuting: improved traffic flow, latent demand (people will start driving more), and increased urban sprawl. The study indicates that the energy and emissions benefits of telecommuting are not likely to be entirely offset by latent travel demand or by the geographical expansion of cities; perhaps half the potential reduction in vehicle-miles traveled will be replaced by new traffic. From a fuel-use perspective, the indirect benefit of lower average emissions and fuel consumption rates appears sufficient to offset impacts from the third indirect effect, additional travel brought about by increased suburbanization. Substantial levels of telecommuting will also reduce the need for highway capacity expansion, saving capital, maintenance, and urban land. Telecommuting and its benefits will be concentrated in the largest, most congested, and most polluted urban areas (20--25%in the NYC and LA areas; 50%in the 10 largest cities; 90%in the 75 largest).Telecommuting may also have a synergistic beneficial effect on other transportation strategies, e.g., congestion pricing, parking fees, taxes discouraging travel during peak periods, etc. Other beneficial effects may include greater presence of adults at home and on residential communities. Effects of improved telecommunications technology on transportation, freight, economy, industrial operations are discussed, including implications of an ``information superhighway.``
总页数：	112p
报告类型：	科技报告