详情

原文传递 Economic Costs of Disruptions in Container Shipments.

题名：	Economic Costs of Disruptions in Container Shipments.
关键词：	ECONOMIC ANALYSIS; INSPECTION; PORTS(FACILITIES); SHIPPING CONTAINERS; SHUTDOWN
摘要：	The security threat posed by the nearly 16 million shipping containers that arrive each year at U.S. ports is a major concern for policymakers. That concern is partly motivated by the loss of life and damage to property that could occur from a terrorist attack using incoming containers. Another source of concern is the potential loss to the economy if one or more major U.S. ports were shut down for any length of time. Roughly one-quarter of the United States imports and one-sixth of its exports or about $423 billion and $139 billion worth of goods, respectively, in 2004 arrive or depart on container ships. Containerized imports include both finished goods and intermediate inputs, some of which are critical to maintaining U.S. manufacturers just-in-time supply chains. Such supply chains have been widely adopted, but they can leave manufacturers vulnerable to disruption if a necessary part does not reach an assembly plant in time. The lack of key parts could reduce output, employment, and income for individual companies by amounts larger than the value of the delayed partand in areas and businesses far removed from the port where a disruption occurred. Although concerns about disruptions in the flow of container traffic focus on terrorist attacks, similar economic losses could result from extreme weather or labor disputes that affected port operations or from disruptions elsewhere in the supply chain. At the request of the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) analyzed the national economic costs of disruptions in container traffic, regardless of their cause. This report summarizes the structure and economics of the U.S. port industry and container traffic, estimates the economic cost of various disruptions in that traffic, and discusses how such disruptions might affect the economy. As requested by the Subcommittee, the analysis focuses on two specific disruption scenarios: An unexpected one-week halt to all container traffic through the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, California, the countrys two largest ports for such shipments; and An unexpected three-year halt to all container traffic through those two ports as well as an initial precautionary one-week stoppage of container shipments at all U.S. ports.
报告类型：	科技报告