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原文传递 Pilot Expectancy and Attentional Effects for Hazard Awareness: Effects of Data Link Modality on Pilot Attention and Communication Effectiveness.

题名：	Pilot Expectancy and Attentional Effects for Hazard Awareness: Effects of Data Link Modality on Pilot Attention and Communication Effectiveness.
作者：	helleberg, j. wickens, c. d.
关键词：	interfaces, air traffic control, flight simulator, information processing
摘要：	The effectiveness of three different data link interfaces, involving auditory, visual and redundant presentation of ATC information, was evaluated in a single pilot general aviation simulation. Eighteen pilots flew a Frasca flight simulator with full visual display of the outside world, through a series of ATC-instructed maneuvers, while scanning outside for traffic. ATC instructions, of various length, were delivered through a text based data link display, through synthesized voice (mimicking the demands of the current system), or through a redundant voicetext format. Pilots read back the instructions and then complied with whatever maneuver was instructed, while monitoring for traffic. Visual scanning was measured. The results revealed that the visual display provided greatest accuracy of communications read back, and was least disruptive of both traffic monitoring and flight path tracking (ATC instruction compliance). The auditory-only condition was most disruptive of these tasks, in part because the pilots visual attention was drawn into the cockpit for longer periods while note taking, compared to the amount of such attention diversion with the visual text display. The redundant display condition provided many of the same benefits as the visual-only display, but never supported better performance than that display, and was sometimes inferior to it. This cost resulted, in part because the arrival of the discrete auditory communications appeared to disrupt performance of the ongoing visual flight task. Across all conditions, the pilots allocated approximately 60%of their visual attention to monitoring the instrument panel, and their communications accuracy was degraded by the longer ATC instructions. The results are interpreted in terms of mechanisms of attention and working memory in information processing, and in terms of the pilots task priority hierarchy. / NOTE: Technical rept. / Supplementary Notes: See also PB2007-105627. Sponsored by Federal Aviation Administration, Oklahoma City, OK. / Availability Note: Order this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S. customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; and email at orders@ntis.gov. NTIS is located at 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA.
报告类型：	科技报告