原文传递 Pilot Expectancy and Attentional Effects for Hazard Awareness: Implications for Free Flight and Datalink.
题名: Pilot Expectancy and Attentional Effects for Hazard Awareness: Implications for Free Flight and Datalink.
作者: wickens, c. d.
关键词: experiments, decision strategies, traffic hazards, cockpit displays, free flight, datalink
摘要: This research examines the implications of three projected technological innovations on attention and navigational hazard awareness for the general aviation pilot, comparing these against baseline performance. In Experiments 1 and 2 we examine the joint implications of freeflight, availed by satellite navigation technology and the Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI), for the pilots decision and attentional strategies, employed to avoid traffic hazards. In Experiment 3 we address the implications of digital datalink on pilot traffic awareness and communications reliability, examining three alternative formats of displaying information. In Experiments 1 and 2, twenty-two certified flight instructors flew a general aviation simulator, either actively selecting and flying maneuvers to avoid traffic conflict by using a cockpit display of traffic information (CDTI) in a free flight experiment, or more passively executing corresponding maneuvers as commanded by a simulated air traffic controller, in a baseline experiment. The maneuvers spontaneously chosen by the pilots in the freeflight experiment were found to be only partially consistent with the maneuvers for traffic avoidance, dictated by current FAA rules of the road, with pilots showing a marked preference for making vertical rather than lateral maneuvers, and climbing rather than descending maneuvers. Pilots also preferred to make simpler single axis maneuvers. Visual scanning in both experiments was measured, revealing that pilots spent a majority of their time fixating on the instrument panel (60%in baseline, 65%in freeflight). Furthermore, in free flight, they distributed their remaining visual attention differentially across the two sources of traffic information, the outside world and the CDTI. As a consequence, sometimes outside scanning dropped as low as 20%. / NOTE: Final technical rept. / Supplementary Notes: See also PB2007-105628. Sponsored by Federal Aviation Administration, Oklahoma City, OK. / Availability Note: Order this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S. customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; and email at orders@ntis.gov. NTIS is located at 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA.
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