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原文传递 Brazil Soybean Transportation: Overview of Brazilian Soybean 2010 Transportation.

题名：	Brazil Soybean Transportation: Overview of Brazilian Soybean 2010 Transportation.
关键词：	overview；transport；bean；fertilizer；percent；production；producer；recoverin；shanghai；uart
摘要：	During the past year, Brazilian soybean shippers were challenged by high transportation costs and currency appreciation. Lower ocean rates quoted in U.S. dollars were not enough to offset higher domestic truck rates, quoted in Reals, and lower farm prices. Transportation costs as a percentage of total landed costs increased 6-19 percent. Farm prices dropped, hitting a bottom in the second quarter, which included the harvest season, and began recovering in the 3rd quarter, but still remained below 2008 levels. In 2010, Brazilian soybean exports increased less than 2 percent by volume from 2009, to 29.2 million metric ton (mt) from 28.6 million mt. However, they decreased 3 percent in value, down to US $11.1 billion in 2010 from US $11.4 billion in 2009, because of the appreciation of the Reals. Throughout 2010, the Reals appreciated 11.9 percent against the U.S. dollar from 2009, from 1.9977 Reals per 1 U.S. dollar to 1.7595. Brazilian soybean prices are quoted in U.S. dollars, based on the Chicago Board of Trade, and producers are paid in Reals. Consequently, even though international soybean prices increased, the strengthening of the real against the U.S. dollar resulted in a drop in Brazilian farm price. However, producers benefit from lower imported production inputs, such as chemicals, fertilizers, and farm equipment, as well as low ocean rates. Brazilian shippers also benefit from economies of scale lowering their average production cost, which partially shield against currency appreciation. In 2010, transportation costs represented 29-33 percent of the total landed costs of shipping soybeans from Sorriso, North Mato Grosso (MT), to Shanghai and Hamburg through Santos and Paranagua, compared with 43-45 percent in 2006. The cost of shipping a metric ton of soybeans 100 miles by truck increased nearly 23 percent, from $8.74 in 2009 to $10.74 in 2010. Truck rates began low at the beginning of the year but increased during the 2nd and 3rd quarter, surpassing the record quarter high of $11.15/mt/100 miles set in the 3rd quarter 2008, but lower than the July 2008 peak of $12.05/mt/100 miles. Typically, the peak of Brazilian soybean exports has occurred in July, when almost two thirds of the years soybeans are exported.
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