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原文传递 Quantifying the Costs of School Transportation - Appendices I, II, & III.

题名：	Quantifying the Costs of School Transportation - Appendices I, II, & III.
作者：	McDonald, N.; Steiner, R.; Sisiopiku, V.; Palmer, W. M.; Lytle, B.; Tsai, J.; Cook, T.
关键词：	School transportation, Appendices, School busing, Bus ridership, Costs analysis
摘要：	While there has been attention to the costs of school busing, there has been little analysis of the multi-modal costs of school transportation and how those costs vary with the local environment. This study identifies the individual capital and operations cost items for each primary mode of transportation鈥攁utomobile, school bus, bike, and walking鈥攖o allow for the consistent collection of data between states and school districts. Nine public elementary schools were selected from Florida representing areas with high, medium and low densities of student populations. The same criteria were used to select 11 schools in North Carolina representing medium and low density environments. School districts, published reports, and professionals associated with the design and planning of the study schools were consulted to gather cost and other relevant information. A school site visit was conducted to determine the travel mode split at each study school. Based on these results, the researchers have documented cases that suggest that school travel modes and costs are related to built environment characteristics surrounding a school site 鈥?the greater pedestrian accessible residential density around a school site, the higher the rates of walking, bicycling and driving to school and the lower rates of bus ridership. Correspondingly, dense accessible school sites exhibit lower public costs.
报告类型：	科技报告