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Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Road and Multimodal Transportation Options 鈥?A Case Study of Copperwood Mine Project.
| 题名： | Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Road and Multimodal Transportation Options 鈥?A Case Study of Copperwood Mine Project. |
| 作者： | Kalluri, S.; Lautala, P.; Handler, R. |
| 关键词： | Economic development, Road transportation, Multimodal transportation |
| 摘要： | Freight transportation of goods and commodities is a necessity and often accounts for a significant portion of the overall investment in the industrial development, especially in the natural resource industry. Further, the transportation industry is a major contributor to the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Although 鈥榯ailpipe鈥?emissions represent a major share, several studies have indicated that the emissions from the construction and maintenance of infrastructure and equipment also play an important role. With almost all activities of transportation projects contributing to emissions, it is essential that the new freight transportation facilities and operations use alternatives that minimize energy consumption and emissions throughout the project life cycle. The economic costs of developing an infrastructure have long been factored into the project costs, but environmental and/or social impacts have received less attention. In addition, alternative transportation modes are rarely compared from both economic and environmental perspectives. This project uses a case study to assess the environmental impacts (emissions) of different transportation options for transporting ore between a planned copper mine (Copperwood, MI) and a processing plant (White Pine, MI), and concentrate from the processing plant to an intermediate location (Escanaba, MI). The ore transportation options include a truck only option and two multimodal (truck-rail) options, while the concentrate transportation options include truck only, rail only and one multimodal (truck-rail) options. This study uses a process called Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to estimate the overall life cycle emissions for all different transportation alternatives considered for the Copperwood Project. This LCA is performed using SimaPro software covering construction, operations, maintenance, and end of life phases of the infrastructure and equipment involved. The results are obtained in terms of kilogram equivalents of CO2 (kg CO2eq) and represent the 100 year Global Warming Potential (GWP) of the greenhouse gas emissions. In an attempt to facilitate incorporation of these results into economic studies like Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA), they are converted into cost factors (US dollars) using the 鈥渟ocial carbon unit costs鈥?published by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The final part of this study focuses on understanding three different aspects of economic evaluation of alternatives. Firstly, State agency (MDOT) decision making perspective, by discussing the general objectives of the MDOT when determining support for transportation alternatives, and reviewing two specific DOT programs available to support projects similar to Copperwood, namely Transportation Economic Development Fund (TEDF) 鈥?Category-A, and Freight Economic Development Program (FEDP). Secondly, reviewing the currently available software for conducting economic analysis of transportation projects in the U.S. The final section includes a brief discussion on the economic analysis considerations for Copperwood project, including MDOT support mechanisms. |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
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