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Comprehensive Framework for Sustainable Container Ports Development of US East Coast in the 21st Century, Year Three. Final rept.
| 题名： | Comprehensive Framework for Sustainable Container Ports Development of US East Coast in the 21st Century, Year Three. Final rept. |
| 作者： | GRIGALUNAS, T.; KWON, S. J.; LUO, M.; TRANDAFIR, S. |
| 关键词： | *Ports-; *Rhode-Island; *Marine-terminals; *Environmental-impacts; *Construction-.;Air-pollution; Noise-pollution; Nitrogen-oxides; Heavy-duty-vehicles; Dredging-. |
| 摘要： | We extend prior research on environmental issues in port development by estimating ex ante external costs from air emissions and noise because of container port development for a planned port. First, we simulate demand for port services and the least-cost multimodal (train-truck) split and routing. Then, we use coefficients to estimate emissions of key air pollutants from major port sources: dredging, trucks, rail, vessels and on-dock vehicles. Annual emissions reflect growth in traffic, least-cost road routing, road speeds, and phased implementation of EPA regulations. Emissions are estimated for Washington County and for Rhode Island as a whole. Benefit transfer is used to estimate damage for the illustrative case study. The Federal Highway Administrations noise model is used to estimate incremental noise from port-related traffic along the port connector road. Then, exposure of single-family homes along the road to noise is estimated by section of the road and by tiers for each section. Given the estimated noise, the results of a hedonic property value model (done for single family homes in a nearby town) are used to estimate potential noise damages. For both external costs, sensitivity analyses and mitigation options are assessed. The estimates of damages are relatively small for the range of effects considered and assumptions used. Future refinements should assess noise externalities on multi-unit housing and on undeveloped land, and the range of exposure to noise should be extended beyond what was considered in this study. External costs from incremental air emissions focused on NOx; future research should be expanded to include PM and SOx, which were not considered because they were not included in the EPA model (Mobil5b) used for this study. |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
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