摘要: |
As it evolves, aviation will continue to require integration of a wide range of
safety systems and practices, some of which are already in place and others that
are yet to be developed. New concepts in system safety thinking have emerged to
consider not only what may go wrong, but also what can be learned when things
go right during commercial flight operations. Taken together, these
complementary perspectives form a more comprehensive approach to system
safety thinking that can help to recognize and preserve the resilient performance
capabilities currently provided by humans. A need exists, however, for research
methods to enable better understanding of the human contributions to aviation
safety. NASA’s System-Wide Safety Project supports research on using flight
simulation methods to study operator resilience and safety-producing behaviors.
Building on prior NASA efforts investigating procedural non-adherences during
area navigation standard terminal route arrivals, a high-fidelity commercial
aviation line operational simulation (LOS) experiment has been designed to study
how flight crews anticipate, monitor for, respond to, and learn from expected and
unexpected disturbances during these operations. A diverse set of LOS scenarios
were developed to simulate highly realistic, complex, but routinely encountered
operational situations. Each scenario provided multiple opportunities to collect
data on how flight crews manage threats and errors, as well as novel opportunities
to observe resilient and safety-producing behaviors. The experimental design,
implications for the study of safety-producing behaviors using simulation, and
considerations for airline pilot training will be discussed. |