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Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Restoration Project Final Report. Western Prince William Sound Human Use and Wildlife Disturbance Model
| 题名： | Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Restoration Project Final Report. Western Prince William Sound Human Use and Wildlife Disturbance Model |
| 作者： | Murphy, K. A.; Suring, L. H.; Iliff, A. |
| 关键词： | Wildlife management##Oil spills##Water pollution effects##Alaska##Prince William Sound##Seals(Mammals)##Marine mammals##Habitats##Geographic information systems##Distribution##Surveys##Pigeons##Disturbance##Productivity##Education##Regulations##Exxon Valdez## |
| 摘要： | We described human use in western Prince William Sound in 1998 through surveys of recreational boaters, Whittier Harbor records, and surveys of charter boat operators. We modeled future human use patterns and described their relationship with the distribution of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) and pigeon guillemots (Cepphus columba). Predicted changes in monthly use in 2015 within 1,000 m of guillemot nesting sites ranged from 0 to increases > 4 times by kayakers and from 0 to increases approximating 20 times by motorized recreational boats. Predicted changes in monthly use within 1,000 m of haul-out sites for seals ranged from 0 to increases approximating 12 times by kayakers and from 0 to increases approximating 45 times by motorized recreational boats. Disturbance of injured wildlife may result in decreased productivity exacerbating the effects of the spill. Education programs should be developed that identify situations and habitats to be avoided. New recreation sites should be developed to divert use away from sensitive areas. |
| 总页数： | 271 |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
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