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Evaluation of Exhaust Emissions from Elizabeth River Ferries. Final Report
| 题名： | Evaluation of Exhaust Emissions from Elizabeth River Ferries. Final Report |
| 作者： | Thompson, G. J.; Carder, D. K.; Riddle, W. C.; Gautam, M.; Lyons, D. W. |
| 关键词： | Exhaust emissions##Air pollution control##Ferry boats##Passenger ships##Marine vessels##Diesel engines##Natural gas##Particulates##Nitrogen oxides##Carbon dioxide##Fuels##Environmental effects##Virginia##Evaluation## |
| 摘要： | Hampton Roads Transit Authority in Norfolk, Virginia, owns and operates a pair of similar passenger ferries on the Elizabeth River between Norfolk and Portsmouth VA. Several years ago one of the ferries was converted from diesel to natural gas fueled engines. The ferries were the James C Echols, which is powered by twin Caterpillar 3406-G natural gas engines and the Elizabeth River II, powered by twin Detroit Diesel 671 diesel fueled engines. This project was undertaken to perform in-use emissions testing to determine environmental benefits of ferry conversion to CNG, and to compare the operating economics of the two vessels. Sponsors of the program included United States Coast Guard, Hampton Roads Transit, Norfolk by Boat, U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Maritime Administration, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Lyons Shipyard and NAVSEA. The project was designed to measure exhaust emissions under two separate sets of conditions. (1) Under constant engine speed conditions (idle, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%) in order to duplicate as far as possible the ISO test protocol, and (2) under transient conditions, where emissions were averaged over one complete circuit of the ferry route (1.37 miles). The parameters measured were: particulate mass, gaseous emission analysis, NOx, CO, CO2, THC, fuel mass flow rate, intake air & exhaust flow rates, shaft speed/torque and air temperature, pressure, and humidity. All the data was recorded in real time and later reduced to industry standard units such as grams of NOx per horsepower-hour. |
| 总页数： | 39 |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
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