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Speed and Road Safety - New Models
| 题名： | Speed and Road Safety - New Models |
| 作者： | Elvik, R. |
| 关键词： | Traffic safety##Speed limit##Roads##Urban areas##Rural roads##Travel time##Accident risk##Motor vehicle accidents##Fatalities##Injuries##Meta analysis##Regression analsysis##Updates##Foreign technology##Power Model## |
| 摘要： | Speed is of major importance for road safety. It is therefore very useful to develop mathematical models of the relationship between speed and road safety. One of the best known of these models, the Power Model, has been used for a long time. Recently, however, an exponential model has also been developed for describing the relationship between speed and road safety. Both these models have been found to fit the data very well and both of them are sufficiently precise to be used for estimating the road safety effects of changes in the speed of traffic. The current report also reviews studies of the relationship between speed variance and road safety. These studies indicate that increased speed variance is associated with an increased risk of accidents. Speed has major importance for road safety. This knowledge was established many years ago. This report updates knowledge about the relationship between speed and road safety. The report covers two characteristics of speed: the mean speed of traffic and speed variance. The relationship between changes in the mean speed of traffic and changes in road safety has been studied in at least 120 studies containing in total at least 550 estimates of the relationship. The relationship between the speed of traffic and road safety has for a long time been modelled by means of the so called Power Model. Recently, however, an exponential model has also been proposed to describe the relationship between the mean speed of traffic and road safety. Both these models are based on extensive data. |
| 总页数： | 50 |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
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