摘要: |
Section 1.7 discusses implementation approaches from an organizational leadership and strategy viewpoint, and this section presents an overview of implementation from a project management process viewpoint. Implementation of the 5DPM process aligns well with or overlaps the typical project development phases, as shown in Figure 2.1. The typical project development process generally consists of six phases (planning; programming and scoping; preliminary engineering; final engineering; construction; and operation, monitoring, and maintenance), as shown in the left part of Figure 2.1. These phases often overlap as different parts of a project advance at different rates. Agencies may use different naming conventions for the phases or break some of them into more than one phase (such as a programming phase followed by a scoping phase). As a project moves from planning to operation, monitoring, and maintenance of the facility (e.g., after construction obligations for some complex-project contracts), a number of different deliverables are developed, including the Highway Improvement Plan (HIP) and the State Transportation Improvement Plan (STIP), which represent the 10- and 5-year development and funding plans, respectively. The timing of these two plans can vary slightly from state to state (thus the spring representations in Figure 2.1). In addition, a variety of procurement options and decisions may take place on a complex project, including procurement of design services and construction services, at different points in project development. As shown down the left side of the right part of Figure 2.1 (and covered in detail later in this chapter), complexity mapping occurs multiple times in the project development process to track the changes in project complexity. The project manager and project planning team identify success factors (Method 1) early in the project development process. Assembling the project team, selecting project arrangements. |