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Biofuel Co-Product Uses for Pavement Geo-Materials Stabilization: Extensive Lab Characterization and Field Demonstration

项目名称：	Biofuel Co-Product Uses for Pavement Geo-Materials Stabilization: Extensive Lab Characterization and Field Demonstration
摘要：	The natural soil deposits do not always possess the requisite engineering properties to serve as qualified geotechnical materials for highway construction. As a result, well-established techniques of soil stabilization are often used to improve the properties of geotechnical materials through the addition of binding agents into soil (Basha et al, 2005). The soil-stabilizing additives or admixtures traditionally used include hydrated lime, Portland cement, and fly ash. The use of waste materials and by-products in various industrial applications continue to gain attention in the context of sustainable development, which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (WCED, 1987). Various industrial by-products have been applied for stabilizing the natural roadway soils (Petry and Little, 2002). The use of lignin derived from the paper industry (in the form of lignosulfonates) in sub grade soil stabilization has been studied previously (Kazan, 1955; Nicholls and Davidson, 1958; Lane et al. 1984; Palmer et al., 1995; Puppala and Hanchanloet, 1999; Tingle and Santoni, 2003). Adding lignin to clay soils increases the soil stability by causing dispersion of the clay fraction (Davidson and Handy, 1960; Gow et al., 1961). According to Gow et al. (1961), the dispersion of the clay fraction benefits stability of the soil-aggregate mix by: a) plugging voids and consequently improving water tightness and reducing frost susceptibility, b) eliminating soft spots caused by local concentrations of binder soil, c) filling voids with fines thus increasing density, and d) increasing the effective surface area of the binder fraction which results in greater contribution to strength. The lignins obtained from biofuel or ethanol production are sulfur-free lignins and there has been practically no documented study so far related to their use in highway geomaterials stabilization until recently when the Pis started exploring this novel idea (Ceylan and Gopalakrishnan, 2007). Even though sulfur-free lignins have been known for many years, the use of sulfur-free lignin has recently gained interest as a result of diversification of biomass processing schemes (Lora and Glasser, 2002). Other sulfur-free lignins include organosolv lignins and soda lignin which are not of interest within this proposed scope of research. Ongoing studies at ISU on the effectiveness of biofuel co-product (BCP) as a soil stabilizer show promising results in terms of substantially increased compressive strengths compared to those of the untreated soils (Ceylan et al., 2009; Ceylan et al., 2010; Gopalakrishnan et al., 2010). Before this technology can be implemented in practice, several issues and challenges need to be addressed combined with an enhanced understanding of how the proposed technique will work under expectedly varied field conditions, curing environments, and harsh weather conditions. This is the focus of this proposed phase II research.
状态：	Active
资金：	$167,967
资助组织：	Iowa Department of Transportation
项目负责人：	Goetz, Vanessa
执行机构：	Iowa State University, Ames
开始时间：	20130509
预计完成日期：	20191231
主题领域：	Construction；Geotechnology；Highways；Pavements；I30: Materials