摘要: |
The Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) has had extraordinary success in reducing the risk of mid-air collisions. Now mandated on all large transport aircraft and installed on many smaller turbine powered aircraft, TCAS has been in operation for over a decade and has been credited with preventing several catastrophic accidents. TCAS is a unique decision-support system in the sense that it has been widely deployed (on more than 25,000 aircraft worldwide) and is continuously exposed to a high-tempo, complex air traffic system. TCAS is the product of carefully balancing and integrating sensor characteristics, tracker and aircraft dynamics, maneuver coordination, operational constraints, and human factors in time-critical situations. Missed or late threat detections can lead to collisions, and false alarms may cause pilots to lose trust in the system and ignore alerts, underscoring the need for a robust system design. As the National Airspace System (NAS) evolves towards the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen), it would not be surprising to see changes emerge for which the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System II (TCAS II) was not designed. |