摘要: |
Transit agencies typically utilize three basic models to provide bus transit services to the public. The models are: Full inhouse Operations and Maintenance (O&M) by the transit agency; Fully contracted O&M by a third party; and Hybrid, where certain routes O&M are contracted out and the remainder are run inhouse.
An understanding of the service models is clearly relevant for the potential to maximize operational efficiencies and manage costs. For example, rural transit agencies have an interest to fully contract O&M to a third party for the lower fixed cost (Ng et al., 2012). However, there is higher-variability in the quality and costs. Further, it is more difficult to measure quality and efficiency. Medium size and larger urban systems have different interests and challenges when considering the operations and maintenance of their bus transit services.
The synthesis will document current practices and metrics used to contract out bus operations and maintenance in North America. It will look at all situations where O&M services are contracted out (i.e. the entire network is contracted out or divisions or sections of the network are contracted out). The synthesis will document the reasons for outsourcing and the metrics used by agencies for evaluating whether to self-operate or contract out bus operations and maintenance in North America. In addition, the synthesis will ascertain how agencies are holding their third party providers accountable against contractual terms as well as methodologies that agencies use to monitor and oversee contractors. |